1+-+POLS359+Affirmative+Action

=Affirmative Action in Higher Education=

The Grutter V. Bollinger case, much like Fischer V. Texas, claimed that a state law school discriminated against a white student in favor of disenfranchised minority students to further 'diversify' the campus

The admission policy was followed under Univ. of Cal. v. Bakke, [|438 U. S. 265], a court decision that made it legal for the higher education process to be selective in more than terms of academic achievement , extracurricular accomplishments, and student involvement, recommendation letters, and admissions essays but also to include 'soft factors' such as race and gender.

The ruling is vague in terms of 'diversity' and leaves open interpretation for schools to fall along the guidelines of diversity; an Oxford dictionary definition that concludes "a great deal of variety".

The Bakke ruling of 1978 allowed that 16 out of 100 seats be reserved for minority students in a medical school. It was established under the ruling that certain minority students were under 'special circumstances' and could be qualified as 'educationally and/or economically disadvantaged'. The minimum GPA for admission into medical school was at least 2.5 and minorities that fell under 2.5 that were found to be disadvantaged could be called in for an interview under a special selection criteria 'normal' applicants were not subjected to. (

[]

(Chanel West, April 8, 2013, 9:33 AM)

Farmer V. Ramsay- A Medical school student sued The University of Maryland Medical School on grounds of admission discrimination and lowering acceptance criteria for minority students- African-Americans especially.

Thompkins V. Alabama State University- Alabama State University is a HBCU (Historically Black University) that was mandated in 1995 to use public funds for scholarships for white students. Three white students filed a suit against the university when denied funds that were allocate for white-only students.

[]

(Chanel West, April 11, 2013, 12:22 AM)

Minority Education in Comparative Perspective  John U. Ogbu The Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 59, No. 1 (Winter, 1990), pp. 45-57 Published by: [|Journal of Negro Education] Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2295291  The Political Economy of Testing and Opportunity Allocation  Bernard R. Gifford The Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 59, No. 1 (Winter, 1990), pp. 58-69 Published by: [|Journal of Negro Education] Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2295292 (Chanel West, April 14, 2013, 11:12 AM)